In today's selection --
from The Guardian of All Things by Michael S.
Malone. Today, much of our thoughts and memories are organized
around written words. But before the invention of writing, written words
had no place in our thoughts and memories, and the invention of writing
profoundly changed the way we think and remember. And different types of
writing -- especially the logographic symbols used in the writing of the
Far East as opposed to the alphabetic writing of the Middle East and West
-- may have influenced the way those different civilizations developed
and were organized:
"For
most of us today, 5,000 years [after the emergence of writing], written
language is so embedded into the operation of our brains that it is
difficult to notice just row much our thoughts and our memories are built
around printed words. ...
"[Today], much of the
world, even the nations of the Far East that officially adhere to their
traditional logographic symbols, has developed parallel alphabets using
Latin/Phoenician letters even as they teach their children to be
bilingual in their native tongue and the emerging global form of
English.
"But 4,000 years ago,
this was certainly not the case, and it is interesting to speculate how
different types of writing played a distinct role in how we organized our
brains, remembered, and even looked out at the world. In other words,
when you organize your brain -- and particularly, your memory -- around
writing, then the type of writing you use matters a whole bunch.
"For
example, alphabetic writing, with the freedom created by its tiny
building blocks (phonemes) and flexible grammar, would seem to reinforce
individualism, innovation, and a civic form of democracy, but it would
also perpetually run the risk of collapsing into chaos. Logographic
writing, because of the sheer difficulty of learning it, would seem to
reward a more stratified and rigid society, with academic and scribe
classes, but it might also feature a much stronger cultural aestheticism
(every word being a painting) and naturalism. And the syllabic languages,
because they are much easier to learn, would seem to be an advantage for
mercantilism and trade and, because they would lead to higher rates of
literacy, to greater cultural democracy.
"Obviously,
as history reminds us, writing isn't destiny. But there is enough
correlation between the traits of these types of writing and the cultures
that produced them to suggest this is more than a coincidence -- that
there is some causal link between a culture's writing style and the way
it sees and remembers the world around it, how it orders its society, and
what it values. And while many of these characteristics are fading in
light of the global economy, the Internet, and mass communications,
enough remains to add to the tensions of the modern world."
The Guardian of All
Things: The Epic Story of Human Memory
Author: Michael S.
Malone
Publisher: St. Martin's
Press
Date: Copyright 2012 by
Michael S. Malone
Pages: 38-40
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